Selling to the Middle?

Much has been written about selling to the top. Here is one more evidence why you should. A recent McKinsey research finds that middle managers often have difficulty balancing new ideas with current priorities and therefore have negative attitudes towards innovation. If you are selling an innovative solution or one that requires the buying organizations to change the way they do business, middle managers will often be your opposition. Even if you find a middle manager who does support innovation, you would need the support of top management to overcome potential resistance from your supporter's peers.

 

The killer demo: why demos are killing your sales

We’ve all heard about the killer demo. The team comes back from a sales meeting and reports how great the demo went and how impressed the viewers were: “They really loved it! They were floored… they just cannot wait to get their hands on it!”

A month later, the sale seems nothing but dead. Your salesperson is shaking his head: “I don’t really know what happened; they loved the demo but they are not returning my calls.”

The demo indeed was a killer; it killed your sale.

There are four main reasons a demo can be such a sale killer:

1. You talk instead of asking questions and letting the customer talk


There are probably hundreds of books that have been written on this subject, so I won’t waste your time stating the obvious.


2. The people interested in the demo is usually not the people that can buy


While getting buy-in from the intended user is important, the key to making the sale is reaching the decision makers. Most decision makers are not interested in the details. They want to know how you’re going to solve their business problems, not how your screens look like. Many of them wouldn’t even know what to look for in the demo. If the person you are dealing with is asking to see a demo that’s a clear red flag.


3. You are showing them something that you don’t know they need


There is no doubt that before you close the sale you will have to show a demo of the software. The question is when. If you didn’t spend enough time understanding the customer’s issues, the demo you are showing could be a great solution to the wrong problem.


4. If they don’t like the demo they will walk away


By showing the demo too early, you could lose the line of communication with the prospect before you had a chance to reach the decision makers, understand their needs, and explain how your solution could help them. The lower-level people you have been communicating with now think they have seen it all; they are now moving on to the next demo or the next problem they are trying to solve. Sooner or later they stop returning your calls.

So what can you do?

It’s actually quite simple. All you have to do is institute the three rules of the game:

• There is no demo until there is a clear understanding of the needs


• There is no demo until there is a clear identification of the decision makers


• There is no demo until there is a clear agreement on the decision process

If your salespeople are having a hard time making the adjustment, give them some role playing training and some lines to work with, such as:

“We’d be happy to show you our software. It may take us many hours/days to show you everything the software can do, so before I spend your valuable time I would like to make sure that what we show you is relevant to the business issues you are trying to address.”

There are always exceptions to the rules. If you sell low-cost software that is really simple and easy to work with, showing the software could be the best way to sell it. If that’s the case, you should bypass the demo altogether and provide a free trial. That’s a topic for another post, though.

Why is all this important to you, the marketer?

By the end of the day, if the leads you generate don’t translate to sales, your marketing effort was a waste. Every campaign you embark on should have a clear plan for how sales will follow-up on the responses. Make sure the follow-up leads to a meaningful conversation to identify needs, decision makers, and the decision process--not a killer demo!

 

The Buyer's Journey through the Leaky Funnel

The Leaky Funnel is a book by Hugh MacFarlane that should be added to the “must read” list of every sales and marketing executive. The premise of the book is “how to earn more customers by aligning sales & marketing to the way businesses buy.” I like the extension of marketing and sales alignment to the way customers buy. Rather than just advising sales and marketing to work better together, it gives both organizations a guiding post to align with – the customer.

The two concepts the book is focusing on – the leaky funnel and the buyer’s journey – are tightly related to each other. Many potential buyers start on a journey that could lead them to your solution, yet only a few finish there. Most will get distracted on the way; some will get lured by more promising value propositions; others might give up if the journey looks too challenging, or simply get bored with what you have to offer.

Here are some basic things you can do to keep buyers on track and reduce the funnel’s leakage:

• Clarity: buyers are looking for guidance. If your offer is easy to understand, more buyers will follow your path. Keep your value proposition clear and simple.
• Uniqueness: if your value proposition looks like many others, it is easy for buyers to get confused and hop on a different trail. Make sure your offer is differentiated enough so buyers can evaluate it against the rest of the field.
• Ease: buyers today are busier than ever. In our multitasking world, they embark on many journeys simultaneously. If finding the information they need in order to take the next step is not easy enough, they may choose an easier path. Make it easy for them to find the information they need.
• Frequency: there are many bumps on the road to your solution. If buyers get stuck on one of them for too long, it may be tough to get them back on track. Don’t wait until they ask for more information; offer it to them early and often.
  

Keeping the frequency of information flow to buyers is a challenge. Many companies spend a lot of money on marketing campaigns that generate buyer interest, but fail to keep buyers on track with timely and relevant follow-up. There are three common reasons for this failure:

1. Ownership: passing all the leads to sales is a sure recipe for a huge funnel leakage. As much as 70-90% of the leads that are passed to sales are never followed up since sales believe they are not worth the time.
2. Timeliness: being late is almost as bad as not following up at all. Some research shows that the likelihood of reaching a prospect on a follow-on call goes down by 90% within one week from the initial inquiry.
3. Relevance: I don’t have statistics on this one, but this is what happens when a salesperson calls someone that downloaded a white paper and asks if they have an active project and approved budget. If the follow-up call is too aggressive, it fails to match the next logical step in the buyer’s journey. The results can be disastrous, as buyers will not only get lost on their journey but may also tune out any future communication.
   

How can you avoid such failures and ensure effective follow-up? Here are some things you can do:

1. Plan the follow-up as part of each campaign
2. Match your follow-up communication to the buyer’s journey
3. Dedicate specific resources to do the initial follow-up and screening of leads before they are passed to sales
4. Be clear on which leads should be passed to sales
5. If you don’t have the bandwidth to follow-up in a timely manner, get outside help

Let me know what you think or if you need help with any of the above.

Bridging the Sales and Marketing Divide

I recently spoke at a webinar on the topic of sales and marketing collaboration with Gil Rapaport, EVP Marketing and Strategy at XOsoft. Gil has been the mastermind behind XOsoft’s implementation of a state-of-the-art marketing and sales process that has helped the company post 30% quarter over quarter growth for the past 3 years. A recording of this webinar presentation is now availble.

UPDATE: On July 11, 2006, less than a month after the webinar I held with Gil, XOsoft was acquired by Computer Associates. In an interview with Globes, Gil talks about the acquisition and the XOsoft “marketing machine.”

Reverse Engineer Your Marketing

This article was recently published (with some minor modifications) in MarketingProfs.com.

Reverse engineering is the process of back-working a solution from the end result. In the era of result-oriented marketing (how did we ever afford to do it differently?!), reverse engineering can help marketers refocus their efforts and resources to ensure marketing delivers results that are on-target with business goals.

Let’s take a simple scenario.

It’s time for your quarterly board meeting. This time, you’re going in with a spring in your step. Last quarter you really nailed it with your marketing programs. You did a webinar, a white paper promotion, and you had your biggest tradeshow of the year. Altogether, these programs generated over 1,000 leads for your sales force. You did your job. Now it’s up to sales to follow up on these leads and convert them into real opportunities.

You present your numbers and sit down with a winning smile on your face. Next is the VP of Sales. You haven’t seen her in weeks, she’s been busy closing deals on the road. After presenting last quarter’s results (they didn’t quite make the numbers, but “it was a good quarter”), she talks about next quarter. The pipeline is dry, she says. There are not enough marketing leads. You hold yourself not to bolt out of your seat, but you politely ask what about the 1,000+ leads you just passed to sales. These are 1,000 names, she says, but they are not good leads…

You’ve heard this before. Who is right?

The biggest problem is that nobody knows (so nobody can get fired, although the VP Sales is usually the first to go, with the VP Marketing not far behind…)

The conventional process of sifting through thousands of leads and trying to figure out which are the good ones is time consuming, expensive, and in most cases is not followed through. Much of your marketing effort goes to waste, but you don’t know why.

Here is how you can do it differently with reverse-engineered marketing:

Stage One: Figure Out WHO Sales Wants to Talk to
And it cannot be "the person who has a check ready for me"... Jokes aside, before you spend a single dollar on outbound marketing, sit down with sales and clearly define who they are trying to reach.

Agree on the Target
Define the industries, company size, and any other characteristics that describe the companies your sales people are calling on. For them, these will be the only leads worth following on. Then get down to the individuals. Who are the decision makers, influencers, and gatekeepers they want to speak with? Write down these definitions and hang them on your office wall. From here on, everything you do will be focused on these targets.

Get the Names of these Companies
Most enterprise software companies have several thousands companies in their target market (how many companies are in the Global 2000?), so getting the names of these companies is a manageable task. Still, most companies don’t bother doing it. If the task seems too daunting to begin with, break it down into smaller chunks – by vertical, geography, solution – whatever makes sense.

Analyze your Target Market Coverage
Run your contact database against the list you have created. What percentage of the target market is currently there? How many more do you need to reach? Do the Same for Individuals. Do you have the type of contacts your sales people are looking for?

Establish Metrics
The end result of this analysis should be a measurement of coverage: “we have contacts at X% of the companies we are after, and Y% of them are at positions of interest to us.”

From this point on, marketing has two goals:

1. Move the dial on these numbers to increase target market coverage.
2. Generate repeat responses from target individuals at the target companies to create multiple opportunities for sales dialogue.
   

This is not a one-time analysis. These are numbers that you need to always have on your dashboard. Many executives are now adding demand generation metrics to their dashboards, so having agreed upon metrics is critical to establishing a common language for the boardroom conversation.

Stage Two: Figure Out HOW to Reach Them

Now that you know who you’re after, you need to figure out how to contact them and how to get them to respond to your message.

Get Additional Contact Information
There is no easy or cheap way to add new target contacts to your list. However, if you have to spend the money, at least you’re better off now that you know exactly what you’re looking for. You can buy lists of names that will match the specific companies and titles you are after. One way or another, you’ll need to put someone on the phone to use your existing contacts within an organization to get these additional contacts you need to reach.

Look at Past Results
Go back to your database and see what the people that fit your target profile responded to. What marketing vehicles seem to generate better response from your target prospects? Do certain messages seem to resonate better for specific segments?

Ask Them What They Care About
At times, we get so engrossed in analyzing our campaign data that we forget there is another way to find out how to get across to the people we are trying to reach: just ask them. Put together a short survey; ask them what their burning issues are and how they prefer to learn more about them. Have someone outside the company call them up; you’d be surprised how many people will give you a piece of their mind if you ask for it in a non-sales situation.


Stage Three: Execute and Measure

Get Started!
With all this information in hand, you are ready to start creating the content, messages, and campaigns that are targeted at your desired audience. I know I make it sound simpler than it is. You can have a good starting point, but don’t expect to have all the answers upfront. You cannot wait for that. Just start executing to the best of your knowledge, then continue to test what works best and experiment with different ways to reach your target audience.

Measure Against Your Goals
As you start generating leads, make sure you measure against the goals you have defined upfront:

1. Target market response: how many TARGET MARKET responses have been generated?
2. Target market coverage: how many NEW TARGET MARKET leads have responded?

As long as you keep hitting these goals, you are generating opportunities for your sales force to start a dialogue with the people they want to talk to and helping them move forward the dialogues that are already in place. And as long as you keep doing this, chances are your next board meeting is going to unfold better.

Some Additional Practical Details
As leads come in, you will need to figure out whether they fit your target market profile. The following chart describes a process you can use for that purpose.

Expecting sales to be responsible for the process is risky. I strongly recommend that you make this process part of marketing’s role in generating leads BEFORE they are passed to sales.


So put in reverse, and get your engines going!

Webinar Helps Close the Deal

Working with a new client is always fun. There is an inevitable apprehension about newly launched marketing plans. Once the results are in, seeing the skepticism giving way to sheer excitement is a very satisfying moment.

A couple of weeks ago I helped a client put together their first ever webinar. They were concerned whether their audience would tune in to this media. The results exceeded their expectation on every metric – from invitation open rate (over 40%) to the number of registration and attendance rate (over 55%). Moreover, Over 30% of the registrations were highly qualified NEW prospects.

It gets even more exciting.

The webinar took place Tuesday. On Friday morning we sent each person who registered to the webinar a follow up e-mail from the salesperson in charge of their account. By Friday afternoon I got a call from a salesperson telling me that he received five responses to the e-mail, all of them interested in learning more about the software.
Can it get even more exciting? You bet!

One of the e-mails was from a prospect he has been working with for a couple of months and was trying to close as a Q1 deal, but the guy has not been returning e-mails or calls in the past few weeks (I’m sure you’ve been there…). The e-mail said “come over and get a check for a 1/2 of the cost, we’ll pay the rest next quarter.” The date: Friday, March 31st.

This doesn’t happen very often, so the point of the story is not to create the impression that webinars are good deal closers.

The point is that you need multiple touches to move a prospect through the sales cycle. A salesperson can use marketing help in creating these touches by providing information that is of value to the customer. In many cases, these will generate better response than a sales call. And once in a while, it can even help seal the deal.

That’s fun!

What’s Your Pickup Line?

This is one of the best marketing posts I’ve ever seen. It shatters the value/word meter.

The Spark This blog entry hit my e-mail box as I was listening to a client presenting to a prospect and thinking to myself “why do they talk so much about themselves - who cares?!”

Unfortunately, it happens all the time. Just check out how many website homepages are about the company, its vision, its founders, its offices, etc, just not what it does for the customers!

Marketers beware - marketing myopia starts here…

The Sales Imperative

Maybe the problem is in how we call them. Salespeople. Good salespeople put the “people” first, then the “sales”. Here is another reminder on the topic from the Revenue Journal’s authority Kristin Zhivago. If you don’t have time to read the article in its entirety, read at least the four points at the bottom.

Can you sell? Can they buy? You don’t know until you ask the right questions!

I often wonder to what degree we can blame our fast-paced lifestyle for the difficulties so many software companies have meeting their sales goals.

I have recently been involved in a number of interesting exercises with several software companies that are trying to improve their marketing and sales processes. It has been interesting, and at the same time disappointing, to see how difficult it is for salespeople, marketing managers, and company executives to come up with a clear definition, not to mention a unified one, of what constitutes a qualified lead.

Now, I’m not talking about the terminology. Granted, “qualified lead” could mean different things to different people (read about The Fallacy of Qualified Leads). I am talking about salespeople not being able to come up with a clear set of questions that could tell them whether a company is a good fit for their solution.

So what do salespeople do when they don’t know these questions? They ask the easy question: “Are you looking to buy?” “Do you have an active project?”

That’s an order-taker question, not a salesperson’s! A salesperson is looking for a problem to solve, a goal to help a buyer fulfill, a pain to be relieved.

That’s where our hasty culture and go-getter attitude trip us. We are all in a constant race to do more and faster, that we don’t put the time to think through and come up with a solid, customer-centric selling process. Rather than take the time to understand the customer’s issues, we rush to tell him how great our product is.

The skill pool of solution selling is dwindling, and as a result, companies are missing their sales targets, while new salespeople and managers keep coming and going every 12 to 18 months through the endless motion of the company’s revolving doors.

How do we put an end to it? How do we get our salespeople to stop chasing and pushing and start engaging and cultivating?

I don’t have the answer, but I believe we first have to take the time to evaluate what we do. Going through these exercises, the companies I mentioned are taking first steps in this direction. I just hope they have the patience to see it through.